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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or 265 feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. In addition, two limit switches are utilized to be able to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is even one more safety feature referred to as a load moment switch to make certain that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 230 feet or seventy meters.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will at first have to be transported to the construction location by using a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the machine portion of the crane and the jib. After that, these sections are attached to the mast. Then, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes can be a few of the other industrial machines which is typically utilized to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra twenty feet or 6.1m. Then, the operator of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast section piece.
A "loaded container" by description is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions such as wind must be taken into account. The word loaded is the container's maximum gross weigh rating. To be able to ensure that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the load has to be distributed throughout the container.
Having an evenly distributed load it is helpful to prevent excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability, so as to maintain safety. An even load helps to prevent unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
With the distribution of load in the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity differs. It is very important that the designers of handling machinery and containers consider in the engineering process. For example, when sixty percent of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the length of the container measured from one end of the equipment, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
In order to make sure that the machine used is right for the load, care has to be taken to make certain it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Particular attention mus be paid to the possibility of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like for instance a bulk container, a tank container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging cargo, extreme care has to be taken when raising these.